Nun Tikimtu Literature

By H. Laldinmawia

'Atirin Thu a awm, Thu chu Pathian hnenah a awm, Thu chu Pathian a ni.

Chu mi chu atirin Pathian hnenah a awm' - Johana 1:1-2

'Lehkhabu tam tak siam hi tawpintai a awm lo ve' - Thuhriltu 12:12

'Without literature, life is hell' - Charles Bukowski

Literature hi Art chi khat a ni a, Art zingah chuan a chungchuang ber niin an sawi ṭhin. Art chu mihring siamchhuah thil mawi emaw themthiamna tihna a ni. A mawlmang thei ang bera sawi dawn chuan Art chu hlawm lianpui pui pathum - Visual Art, Performing Art leh Literary Art -ah te ṭhen theih a ni. Visual art hi Drawing, Painting, Photography, Architecture leh Conceptual art ti tein an ṭhen darh leh a, Performing art hi Music, Theatre leh Dance tea ṭhen darh leh a ni thei bawk.

'Literary art' kan tih chu kawng hnihin a peng thei a, eng chungchang pawh nise ziaka dah tawh phawt chu 'Applied Literature' emaw 'Literature of Knowledge' emaw tiin an sawi ṭhin. Thuziak mawi leh ṭha, mihring nun nena inlaichinna thuk tak nei, mihring nuna awmze kumhlun nei thuziak hi 'Literature' tia kan kawh leh sawi ber pawh a ni.

'Literature' pawh hi hlawm lian tak pahnih - 'Fiction' leh 'Non-Fiction' -ah ṭhen leh theih a la ni a, chutah pawh chuan 'fiction' lam hian literature-ah hmun a luah sang zawk tiin a sawi theih bawk awm e. Literature hi mihring nun tikimtu leh tihlimtu a ni a, mihring nun darthlalang leh nun hriatthiam theihna petu pawimawh tak a ni. Art zinga mihring lungdumtu ber a ni an lo ti thin reng a ni.

LITERATURE ZETHUANG (GENRE)

Literature zeṭhuang (literary genre) hi a tlangpuiin hlawm lian pui pui pathumah an ṭhen a. Chu'ng chu a upat dan indawt chuan Hla/Hlahril (poetry) Lemchan (drama) leh Thu/ Thu-tluang (prose) te an ni.

Zeṭhuang hniha sawi theih dan a awm bawk a. Hla (poetry) leh thu (prose) tiin. A chhan chu Lemchan (drama) hi thu emaw hla emaw hmanga ziak ṭhin a nih vang a ni. Amaherawhchu, literature chanchin chhuitu leh zirtute chuan ṭhuang thuma ṭhen hi dik berin an hria a, a pawmawm ber bawk awm e.

LITERATURE CHU ENGNGE?

Fiction tia kan sawi hnuaiah hian hla (song/poetry) te, Lemchan (drama) te, thawnthu (novel) te, rochun thu leh hla (folklore) kan tih te chu a peng langsar zual an ni a. Art zawng zawng mai hi a inkungkaih vek a, chung zingah chuan literary art hi a bulṭhut (basic) leh a pawimawh ber niin a sawi theih ang. Hla phuahtuin hla a phuah a, chu chu 'literary art' a ni a, hla chu a saka kan sak chhuah hian 'performing art'-ah a pakai a, lemchan thawnthu ngaihnawm tak chu a taka chan chhuah a nih hian 'visual art'-ah a lo chang leh mai a ni. Chuvang chuan Biakinah te, TV-ah te, Radio-ah te zai mawi tak tak kan ngaihthlak emaw a tak ngeia keimahni kan zai ve te hi literature a ni a; TV leh Theatre-a film leh lam hmuhnawm tak tak kan en te hi literature vek tho a ni. Chuti a nih chuan literature hi mihring nunah a bet tlat a, lak hran theih pawh a ni lo tihna a ni. Heng literature zawng zawng hi paih bo ta ngawt ila, mihring nun hi a kawrawngin a thawrawng ngawtin a rinawm a, mihring nun hi a khawharin a khawro ngawtin a rinawm bawk.

Ṭhangthar tam zawk te hian lehkhabu kan ziaha kan chhiar peih tak loh avangte, hla kan phuaha kan sak peih vak loh avangte hian literature tui lo emaw kan inti mai ṭhin. Zai thiam zai kan ngaihthlak peih a, chumi zai leh rimawi rema mi lam kan thlir peih chhung leh phuahchawp thawnthu, film-a chan chhuah, TV leh computer hmaa kan la en peih chhung chuan literature hi kan la tui hle tihna a ni zawk. Amaherawhchu zai leh lam, film leh drama te hi literature kawr (secondary literature) an ni a, literature bulpui (pure literature) chu a ziak chhiar ngei hi a ni a, chu chu a rilin a chiang ber bawk a ni.

Mi ṭhenkhat chuan literature chu thuziak tuihnang deuh, ṭawngkam no leh danglam deuh tak niin an ngai ṭhin a; Thuziak bul ṭanna atan pawh 'Han chhimthal bekang puah phawng ila' tih te, 'Han nikang mauchang puah ta phawng mai ila,' han tih vela, ṭawng upa leh hmanlai deuh hman kher hi literature ṭha emaw an ti fo. Hla phuahna atan pawh 'Nangmah ngai hian Changpat ang ka vak vel a' han tih deuh hnap tur emaw an ti ṭhin. Mahse, chu chu literature-in a tum ber a ni lo. Literature chu thu eng pawh, mihring nun nena inlaichinna nei, awmze kumhlun nei tura mawi tak, khehchhuah tur awma thu ziak a ni zawk. Rokunga hlaa -

Thimin piallei a tuam laiin

Van engin piallei a chhun

Vanho zai mawi a lo ri

'Rem leng se,' tiin an zai... 

tia hla thu bil (poetical word) pawh hmang lova hla mawi danglam tak, mihring thinlung khawih tak si a phuahchhuah te hi literature ṭha tak a ni fo zawk.

LITERATURE ZIARANG (NATURE)

1. Literature chu mihring rilru leh ngaihtuahna emaw lunglen zawng leh vei zawng leh mahni tawn leh hriat aṭanga emawa thu puanchhuah hi a ni. 

Hemi awmzia chu, Science lam lehkhabu emaw History lam lehkhabu emaw i ziah dawn chuan, i ngaihtuahna ang leh i veizawng leh duhthusam ang zawng ngawr ngawrin i kalpui a thiang lova, thudik chu laihlan i tum ber tur a ni. Literature-ah erawh chuan, thuziaktuin emaw hla phuahtuin emaw ama vei zawng leh tui zawng emaw, a thil hmuh leh tawn emaw chu a ngaihnawm lam hawi zawngin a kuai her thei a, a phuah belh pawh a thiang a, ama ngaihdan chu a puangchhuak hmiah hmiah thei a, zalènna zau tak a nei a ni.

Suangtuahna hmangin C. Laizawna chuan 'Anita' thawnthu ngaihnawm tak a ziak a, lunglen zawng leh veizawng hmangin Zikpuiipa chuan 'Sikni Eng' hla mawi tak a phuah a, thil tawn tawh hmangin Suakliana chuan 'Kan hun tawng zingah' tih hla ṭha tak a phuah bawk.

2. Literature chu hringnun nena inlaichinna nei a ni ṭhin.

Literature chu 'Hringnun hlimthla tarlanna darthlalang a ni,' tia sawi a ni ṭhin. Subject dang nen a inanlohna chu, mihring hun kal tawh leh chanchin tarlanna (history) a ni ngawt lova, mihring nunphung, zia leh khawsak dan, ngaihtuahna leh veizawng tarlanna niin hringnung nen a inngheng a. Hringnun kalphung leh nihphung pen bosana a kal a rem lo.

Phuahchawp thawnthu emaw suangtuahna hlimthla emaw pawh nise, mihring te nunphung persana tarlan a remchang lova, chutianga hringnun kalphung pela tarlan a nih chuan 'a tak tak ang lo' kan ti a, a hlutna a tlahniam ṭhin.

Hetih lai hian thu ziaktu chuan 'hringnun khawvel thar' a siamchawp thei thung a, chu a khawvel thara minungho khawsak dan te, ngaihtuahna te, hmelhmang leh pianzia te chu a hran hlakin a duang thei. JK Rowlings-i chuan a thawnthu 'Harry Potter'-ah chuan minung khawvel thar a din a, he mihring nun tak tak (human life) nen chuan a khawvel thar din hi a inhmu rem chiah lo a ni thei. He a khawvel thar dinah hian nunphung a siam chhuak a, chu chu literature ṭha tak a tling. Mahse, hetah pawh hian minung rama thil nihphung pangngai pel lutuka a mihring siam (character) te an chet chuan, thil a kal fuh lo viau thei bawk.

Mizo hlaphuahtu ṭhenkhat chuan Vanram-ah chuan mipuite chu Pathian faka zai ṭhup ṭhup tur ang te, chutah chuan Pathian chu ropui leh eng rapthlak taka ṭhu ve ang tein an suangtuah ṭhin. An suangtuahna khawvel thar chu hringnun khawvel nen an hmehbel tho tihna a nih chu.

3. Literature chu awmze kumhlun nei a ni.

Literature ṭha chuan vawiina a hlutna leh a ṭhatna ang chiah khan kum sang tam ral hnu-ah pawh hlutna leh mihring nunah pawimawhna a la nei ṭhin. Nitin chanchinbua tualthah thu an ziah hian, chu thuziak chuan a hnu reilote-ah hlutna leh ṭhatna engmah a nei tawh lo ṭhin. Chutih rual chuan, kum sang tam liam tawh a Greek thuziaktu lar Sophocles-a thuziakte chuan vawiin thlengin mihringte tan hlutna leh ṭangkaina an la nei thung si a ni. Hei hi Literature nihna pawimawh tak pakhat a ni.

Laltheri Zâi te, Lianchhiari Zâi te, Pi Hmuaki Zâi te leh Mizo hla hlui tam tak te khan tun thlengin hlutna an la nei a, mihring nun an phochhuak a ni. Chutih rual chuan, hmanni lawka chanchinbua thuziak ṭhenkhat chuan tuna mihring nunah hlutna a nei tawh lo. Chuvang chuan literature ṭha chu a nung reng ṭhin. John Keats-a (1795 - 1825) chuan 'Thil mawi tak chu chatuan lawmna a ni' (A thing of beauty is a joy forever)10 a tih angin, literature ṭha chuan mihring nun a tihlim a, a nung reng thei a ni.

Science lam thil te, technology lam thil te, fashion lam thil te hi a hlui zung zung a, thil tharin a thlak thuai ṭhin. Chutih lai chuan literature ṭha erawh a hlutna a kiam ve lova, a belhchhah theih thung a ni.

Siamkima Khawlhring chuan mihring tana hun rei tak chhung hlutna nei tur niin a sawi a. Dawt thu ringawt chu ngaihnawm hle mahse, mihring tan hlutna a nei rei lova, thu dik tak (true to life) ni mahse, a ziak dan hmang a felloh chuan ngaihhlut rei tlak a ni lo niin a sawi a ni.

4. Literature chu mawi taka thu ziak a ni tur a ni.

Heta 'mawi taka thu ziak' tih hian a tum zawk chu, a ziahna ṭawngkam chu a dikin a ṭha anga, ngaihno a beiin mi a hîp tur a ni tihna lam a káwk. Vawk vulh dan chanchin ziah dawn chuan, ṭawngkam mawi leh thlum, mite hip thei tur leh a thu rik dan inlalawn (flow) ṭha taka ziak a ṭul kher lo thei a, chutih lai chuan miin thawnthu ngaihnawm tak a ziah dawn chuan, ṭawngkam dik leh mawi, chhiar nuam leh mi rilru hneh thei tur chi a zawng thiam tur a ni. Tin, ṭawng hman dan dik lo leh grammar dik lo lakah literature ṭha chu a fihlim hram hram tur a ni.

Kristian hlabu No 260-na, Miss Etta Campbell-i hla -

'What means this eager, anxious throng,

Which moves with busy haste long

These wondrous gatherings day by day;

What means these strange commotion, pray?

In accents hushed the throng reply,

"Jesus of Nazareth passeth by," 

tih hla chu Zakunga (1885-1958) chuan a nihna phawk chhuak chiang turin hetiang hian a letling a -

Eng vangin nge mipuite chu,

Hmanhmawh takin an lo kalkhawm,

Kawtthlerah leh daiah te pawh,

Chhiarsenloh nunau ten an zui;

An thawm mitdelte hriat khawpin?

Nazareth Isua a kal a ni," tiin. 

He hla vek hi a english aṭanga leh pawh ni chuang lovin, hla thu mawi zawk leh ngaihno bei zawkin James Dokhuma (1932 - 2007) chuan heti hian a dah thung a -

Zeng vang nge maw khawtlang a nghin?

Zuang leh ṭuma an rawn fuankhawm,

Sumtual an mawi, khawdai an bel,

Chhiar rual loh chûn hrai ten an zui;

Chhingmit varlote hai rual loh,

Nazareth Isua hawng kal maw' 

a han ti ta zaih mai a.12 Thu in ang reng pawh hi, a sawichhuahna ṭawngkam dik leh mawi hian nasa takin a chawi kang a, chu chu literature ṭha kan tih leh literature nihphung pawimawh tak chu a lo ni ta a ni.

LITERATURE NIHPHUNG

(a) Literature chu chher chawp a ni: 

Literature-ah hian thutak (fact) leh phuahchawp (fiction) a kal kawp ṭhin a, chuvang chuan thil tak tak (reality) khawvel hmanga teh vek tur a ni lo. Chutianga thudik leh tak tak hmang chauha ziak tur nia ngaitu Greek mifing Plato-a chuan thuziak mite chu a duhthusam ram (ideal state)-ah pawh chen ve a remti lova, hla phei chu thu tak aṭanga vawi thum pengbo (thrice remove from truth) niin a ngai. Mahse, literature hi a tak tak entawna ziak, a tak tak ai pawha ngaihnawma phuah belh theih, a tak tak aia a tak ang zawk fo khawpa a tak entawna ziak (mimesis) niin Aristotle-a chuan a ngai ve thung a. Aristotle-a ngaihdan hi a ding chang a, literature innghahna dik tak pawh a ni ta reng a ni.

Chuvang chuan literature-ah hian thudik (fact) aiin mawina leh thu lungkuai a pawimawh fo. Mihring nuna thutak (true to life) hmang chauha kan teh chuan Kristian hlabua hla tam tak hi dik thei lo a awm ang a, Bible-a thu engemaw zat hi paih bo a ngai ngei ang. Mahse, hei hian literature-ah chuan dawt thu pawh a leng vek tihna a kawk lova, thil ni thei awm leh thleng thei awm chu a leng vek a ni tih a kawk zawk a ni.

(b) Literature chu awmze kumhlun nei a ni : 

Science thil tharte, politics chanchin te, huan thlai enkawl dan leh vawk vulh dan kalphung te chu khawvel a danglam ang zelin a in thlak ṭhin a. Ram ei leh bar (economics) te phei chu a in thlak danglam zung zung ṭhin. Literature ṭha erawh chu hman aṭanga tun thlengin a mawina leh ṭhatna, dikna leh pawimawhna a ngai reng. Chu tak chu 'awmze kumhlun nei' tia kan sawi chu a ni. Kum 1020 - 1940 vela Mizo kristian hla chhuakte chu tunlai thlenga kan hla ropui ber ber a la ni reng a, a tam ber phei chu khawhar in leh Biak ina kan hla sak zin berte an la ni. Hei hian literature-in awmze kumhlun a neihzia a tilang awm e.

(c) Khehchhuah tur thu pai a ni fo: 

Mizo hla hmasa ber nia an sawi ṭhin 'Khata ṭang khan hei hi a lang a, heta tang hian kha kha a lang,' tih te chu han kheh leh chuan tur awm lo, thil nih phung satliah a ni a, chuvang chuan literature ṭhaa chhiar tel a har. Hetih lai hian William Shakespeare-a lemchan lar tak 'As you like it'-ah te chuan ṭawngkam mawi tak 'Men are April when they woe, December when they weds. Maids are May when they are maid, but the sky changes when they are wives,' a tih te chu mihring nuna thudik leh ril, sawifiah loha hriatthiam har, sawifiah hnua thu dik leh fing tak ni si a ni.

(d) Literature chu thil nung a ni: 

Mihring nunphung a inthlak danglam ang zelin literature pawh hi a in her danglam ve ṭhin. Tunhma deuha hla lar tak, inngaizawngte tan phei chuan lungtileng em em hla -

'Aw kar a hla duhlai mi u,

Min dantu lamtluang a sei lua e,

Lunglen biahthu thaikawi bawngte

Thleng zo ang maw ka di runah' 

an tih vawng vawng laiin ṭhangtharte chuan he hla hi an tupui pha tawh lova, an lunglenna a chawk thovin a chhawk zo tawh lo. SMS hmangin thu an inthawn a, whatsapp hmanga inbiain thlalak leh video thlengin an inthawn zet zet tawh mai a, 'thai kawi bawngte' tih vel kha an tuipui pha tawh lo. Chu ai chuan -

'Ka cellphone thawm a lo ri a,

Ka benga aw ri chuan,

Lungngaihna boral ṭap ri a chhuak

'Ṭanpui ka ngai' tiin. han tih te

'Facebook ah kan lut,

Friend engzat nge i neih ve' 

han tih te leh

'Zantiang chhawrthla a en changin

Nang ngaih a zual.

I SMS ka chhiar changin

Lunglen a zual' 

tih vel te chu kan tuipuiin kan nunah thu a sawi zawk tawh a ni.

LITERATURE THILTIHTHEIHNA

Benjamin Franklin-a chuan, "Khawlha sipai 26 min pe ula, khawvel hi ka hneh ang," ti khawpin literature hlutna a hrechiang a. Mathew Arnold chuan, "England hi a hla neih te hian a tihropui ang tluka tiropuitu thil dang engmah a awm lo," tiin a sawi bawk.

(a) Buaina thlentu literature:

Mizo chanchina indo hmingthang tak 'Chhim leh Hmar Indo' kha hla pakhat vanga chhuakah a ngaih theih. Vûttaia hote chuan Lalpuithanga leh a khua te chu deusawh leh hnehsawh takin hla an phuah khum a -

'Buanhmun pai ang pawm tawh hnu,

Chengte-ah lam ang let e,

Lalpuithang lèma' tiin. 

Hei hi Lalpuithanga khua te chuan an haw hle a, Vûttaia chu an chhuahchhal ta nghe nghe a nih kha. A hmaa inhuatna an lo neih tawh sa chu he hla hian a rawn belhchhah a, nasa takin an indo phah a, chhak leh thlang indo a chhuah phah ta hial a ni.

Kum 1988-a Salman Rushdie thawnthu ziak, 'The Satanic Verses' chuan Muslim sakhaw betute lung a tiawi lova, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini chuan Salman Rushdie lakah Fatwa puangin thahna thupek a chhuah hial a. He thawn-thu avang hian inthahna te, bomb tihpuah leh buaina lian tak a chhuah phah a nih kha. Salman Rushdie chuan ngaihdam dil mahse Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini chuan a pawm sak duh lova, khawvel ram hrang hranga Muslim te chuan buaina lian zawk an siam phah hial a ni.

Mizo hlaphuahtu hmasa leh hla phuah thiam hming-thang Pi Hmuaki kha, a hlaphuah thiam lutuk avang leh ṭhang-thar te phuah tur zawng zawng pawh phuah khalh vek dawn an hriat avangin a nung chungin an phum hial nia sawi a ni a. Heti chung hian Pi Hmuaki chuan amah phumtute lakah chuan -

'Nauva te u, nau haia te u,

Tha te te khan min vûr r'u,' 

a la ti hram e an ti. Literature avanga Pi Hmuaki tawrhna hi a 'ropui rapthlák' hle a ni.

(b) Remna siamtu literature:

Kum 1914-a Indopui I-na thlen ṭum khan, krismas urlawk zanah German leh British sipai te chu indo turin an in ep ut mai a, chutih lai chuan German sipai pakhat chu rawn pen chhuakin, Franz Xaver Gruber-a hla 'Zan thiang reh' 'Silent Night' (German: Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht) chu a rawn sa chhuak ta a.

'Silent night, holy night,

all is calm, all is bright

round yon virgin mother and child.

Holy infant, so tender and mild,

Sleep in heavenly peace,

Sleep in heavenly peace.' 

Sipai dang te pawh chuan chu hla chu zawm vein an sa ta ṭhup ṭhup mai a, an hmelma sipai te pawhin chu hla chu zawmin indona hmunah lungrual leh hlim takin an zaiho ta a ni. He inremna 'Christmas truce' tia an sawi tâk hi a ropui em avangin khawvel literature history-ah a dai tawh lovang. Literature ṭha chu remna siamtu a ni.

(c) Lung tilêngtu leh lunglèn hnèmtu literature:

Mi lungléng in hla a phuah a, mi lungléng vekin inhnem-na atan a lo hmang ṭhin. Lunglèn hriktlakna leh khawhar tawrhna vawrhtawp chu literature-ah a awm. Lianchhiari lungléng chu a kiu vawng vawng a

Mahriaka ram va ṭuan,

Lunglai ka mawl mang e,

I zun ka phur hning hniang

Chhawl thing nem hnuaiah e' 

tiin a lunglenna chu hlain a hril chhuak a. Damhauhva (1909 - 1972) chuan Pathian thilsiam mawi tak tak te chu a han thlir a, mawi a tiin a lunglêng chu ṭapin a kiu vawng vawng mai a, chu a lunglenna hnem tur leh a lunglenna phochhuahna chu literature bawk a ni -

"Zun phur thing tin par leh khawtlang lii liai hi

Han hawi vel ila ṭah zai min rel tir e,

Ka dawnin suihlung a leng e, khuarei ka ngai ngam lo.

Tlang tin awi lelte a kiu ve, zûn ngai riang te,

Ka ṭah nan mual rihnim tlang lii liai' a han ti a.

Lunglènna vawrhtawp phochhuahna chu literature a nih rualin, lunglènna vawrh tawp inhnemna chu literature bawk a ni. Lalzova (1924 - 1945) chuan -

"Nangmah ngaiin tawn loh ni hnuaia'n,

Chhawl ang ka uai ruai e aw Ngaihzual.

Sakhmel tawn loh par ang i vul tur chu,

Mitthla-in ka hmu (che) ngaihzuali," 

tiin a inhnem thung a ni. Hla ṭha leh thawnthu ngaihnawm tak tak te hian kan lunglenna leh khawharna a hnèm a, kan tawrh ang tuar leh kan lunglen ang tuar mihring te chanchin han hriat hian min tichak fo ṭhin bawk.

(d) Hlimna petu literature:

Quintus Horatius Flaccus, Horace-a tia hriat lar (65 BC - 8 BC) chuan, 'Ziak mite thil tum ber chu mi zirtir leh chawh hlim a ni,' a ti. Thu ziak ṭha chuan min tihlim a, nun nguai a chawk harh a, min nuih tir a, min mitthla tir a, lawm avangin mittui hial a kochhuak châwk ṭhin. Tunlai hunah phei chuan a hlimawm zawnga thuziak thiam (humorous writer) te thuziak hian lawm a hlawh a, chhiar leh ngaihventu an tam hle. Hei hian nun hanchawlhna leh hlimna petu atan literature kan mamawhzia a tilang a. Puipunna hmuna lemchan kan thlir duh ber ber te chu a hlimawm lam (comedy) a ni châwk.

(e) Nun kaihruaitu literature:

Literature tum ber pakhat chu zep leh pehhel awm lova hringnun puanchhuah a nih avangin, hringnuna a dum leh a var pawh thlei dang chuang lovin a tarlang ṭhin a, chuvangin zirtir nei ṭha hi a tum ber a ni lo fo. Chutih rual chuan dikna ṭan avanga tawrhna te, harsatna leh buaina kara hmangaihna te, retheihna paltlang tura chhelna pawimawhzia te, inrem lo te inkara inremna te, dik lo taka thu veivirtute dinhmun tlakchhiat dan te chu kan thawnthu tam ber laimu a ni. Hei hian nasa takin a chhiartute thinlungah thu a sawi a, kan hriat loh karah kan nun a lo kaihruai ṭhin.

Zikpuii Pa 'CC Coy No 27' te, 'Nunna kawng ṭhuampui-ah' te, C.Laizawna 'Anita' te, Dr.H.Lallungmuana 'Hmangaih Zoramthangi' te, Khawlkungi 'Zawlpala thlantlang' te leh thawnthu tam tak hian nunkawng min kawhhmuh a, chhelna leh beiseina min siamsak ṭhin.

Hla ṭha hian nun a kaihruai a, sualna leh rilru chhia put theihna lakah mi khalh ngil fo ṭhin. Hla ṭha hmangin kan infuih a, kan inhnèm a, kan inchawm tawn ṭhin a lo ni.

(f) Inhnemna ṭha ber literature:

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792 - 1822) chuan, 'Kan hla duh ber ber te hi kan lungngaihna hril chhuaktu hla te hi an ni,' (Our sweetest songs are those that tells of saddest thought) tiin a lo sawi a. Mizo te phei chu khawhar chhungte leh mitthi chhung te kan hnem theihna sang ber chu kan sûnna hla te a ni ṭhin. Kan khawhar hla leh lengkhawm hla te hian lung-ngaihna tawrh a tinep a, min hnem ṭhin. Fak hla siamtu ropui Patea (1894 - 1950) chuan khawhar chhungte leh lungngaite tana inhnemna tlak, tun thlenga Mizo te thinlunga chuai thei lo chu a phuah chhuak a,

"Lei hmuna ai zawngin a nuam zawk Chatuan ram chu

Nitin mi an thleng, thla tin an tam, kumtin an pung zel,

Zaion tlang chunga Beram No awm chu zaiin an fak,' 

a ti hial a ni.

Lusùn khawhar te, mi lungngai te hnem tura mihringin a tih theih sang ber chu thu leh hlaa hnem a ni ṭhin. Thuziak ṭha takin nun khawhar a hnem a, hla ṭha phei chu thlaler ramrova tuifim tak ang maiin a hlu ṭhin. William Shakespeare-a (1564 - 1616) thawnthu 'Cymbeline'-a Guiderius-a leh Arviragus-a ten 'sûnna hla' mawi tak an chhamchhuah te hian a dam lai te a hnem mai a ni lova, a thi tawh te pawh a va tithlamuang dawn em! Mitthi tan chuan kawlphe zuai zuai, khawpui ri rum rum, in elrelna leh sawichhiatna zawng zawngte hlauh tur a awm loh thu sawiin, chutiang chu mi tu pawhina an la tawh tur a nih thu a tarlang a -

'Fear no more the lightning-flash,

Nor the all-dread thunder-stone;

Fear not slander, censure rash;

Thou hast finished joy and moan;

All lovers young, all lovers must

Consign to thee, and come to dust,' tiin.

(g) Beiseina siamtu literature:

Charles Bukowski chuan literature tel lo chuan hringnun hi hremhmun ni maiah a ngai a, 'Without literature, life is hell' a ti. Literature hian nun hahchawlhna te, hlimna te a pek piah lamah beiseina a la hlui lehzel a, mi beidawngte tlûkluhna chu literature a ni cháwk. Thuziak thiam ten an beiseina an tarlan chu a chhiartute tana hlawkna a ni a, hun khirh leh harsa kara beiseina nung nei tlat te hringnun tarlanna chu mi beidawngte beiseina a ni. Khawvela mi hlauhawm ber te chu mi beidawng te an ni a, mi beidawng chuan tih hreh an nei lova, thihna hial pawh engmah lo maiah an ngai ṭhin. Beiseina la nei tan heng mite hi cho rual an ni lo. Chutiang mite pawh chu literature chuan beiseina a siam sak ṭhin. Mihring nun pawh hi thih hnu piah lam beiseina tel lo hian awm ta sela, nun uluk tumna nei lo awmkhawm chu a hrehawm ngawt ang. Vanram ngaihna leh thlen châkna min siamsaktu Patea chuan,

'Tin, chu khawpui mawi ka thlen hun chuan,

Ka lenna ram reh lam hi ka hawi tawh lo'ng,

Beramno leh lal ṭhutthleng chu,

Ennawm mak tak leh ka lawmna tikimtu,' tiin.

(h) Hriatna leh thiamna petu literature:

English essayist hmingthang Thomas Penson De Quincey (1785 - 1859) chuan literature chuan hriatna a pe a, thiltihtheihna a nei bawk niin a sawi a, 'Hriatna chuan a zirtir a, thiltihtheihna chuan a dahsawn thei a ni,' a ti. Midang hriatthiamna leh nunphung min hrilhtu chu thuziak ṭha te an ni a, ngaihdan min sawhsawntir theitu chu thuziak bawk a ni. Karl Marx-a (1818 - 1883) leh a pawl ten communist thurin (manifesto) an puanchhuahna lehkhabu, 'Das Kapital, Kritik der politischen Ökonomie (Capital: Critique of Political Economy)' in ram a lak nasat zia leh thil a tih theihzia kan hria a, mi tam takin an ngaihdan an sawhsawn phah a nih kha. Hei mai hi a ni lova, hringnun thlir thiamna min pe a, midang hriatthiamna leh ngaihhnathiamna pawh a thlen ṭhin. Hausa leh rethei dinhmun pawh angkhat rengin a tarlang ṭhin a ni.

(i) Inpumkhatna thlentu literature:

Khawvel hnam chitin leh ṭawng hrang hrang hmangtute hi thu leh hla avangin kan inpumkhat a, kan hnam nunzia leh chetzia pawh kan in hriat tawn sak phah ṭhin. William Shakespeare-a thu leh hla chuan khawvel a dengchhuak a, a thuziak an lehlinna ṭawng apiangah inunauna ṭha a thlen fo. India hnam hla (National Anthem) 'Jana Gana Mana'-ah hian hnam hrang hrang te inpumkhatna tarlan a ni a. Hetiang bawk hian hnam hla hrang hrangah hian inpumkhatna zehtel a ni fo bawk.

LITERATURE ZIR CHU ENGNGE A TANGKAINA

Literature hnathawh leh pawimawhna kan sawi tawh a, mahse chuti chung chuan lirterature zir hi engnge maw a pawimawhna ni chiah le tih hi zawhna awm thei a la ni cheu mai. Literature hi mihring nun (humanities) nena inhne rial a ni a, chuvang chuan mihring tan ṭangkaina tam tak a awm thei ang:

(a) Mi nun chhungril hriatna atan (to benefit from insight of others):

Literature hian mihring nun min hriatthiam tir a, mimal rin dan te, pawm dan te, ngaihdan te chu thu leh hla hmanga puanchhuah a ni. Chu chu a lo dawngsawngtu tan kan nun tichaktu, min tiharhtu leh min tihlimtu a ni fo ṭhin.

(b) Hnam nunphung leh rin dan hriatna atan (to explore other cultures and belief):

Thu leh hla kan chhiar leh sak hmangin hnamdang nun dan, rindan leh khawsak phung kan hre thei a, a taka hmu kher lo pawhin mitthlaah kan suangtuah a, chu chu a chang chuan a tak aiin a mawiin a fiah zawk fo.

(c) Suangtuahna min siamsak (imagination):

Suangtuahna khawvelah, hlimawm leh nuam bawk siah min chentir chang a awm fo. Chu chu mihring taksa hian a ngeih a, nun a tinuam ṭhin.

(d) Thluak sawizawina atan (to excercise our brain):

Kan taksa ang bawkin kan thluak hian sawizawi a mamawh a, lehkhabu ṭhenkhat chuan kan ngaihtuah ngai loh leh kan ngaihtuah phak loh tam tak min hlui a, ngaihtuah zui tur min chhawpchhuah sak fo a, chu chu thluak tan a pawimawh a, finna bul a ni.

(e) Mahni inrintawkna min pe (to help us see ourselves as others do) :

Suangtuahna hmanga mi thu ziak, a taka thleng thei te chanchin han chhiar hian mahni inrintawkna min pe a, mi tih ang ti ve thei nia inhriatna min siamsak ṭhin. Harsatna leh manganna tlanchhiatsan zawng ni lova, a paltlang thei turin min fuih a ni.

(f) Literatute hi a chak a ni:

Pen hian khandaih aiin thil a tithei zawk (A pen is mightier than sword) tih a ni ṭhin a, khawvel revolution langsar leh lar deuh deuh te, theory ropui leh buru pui puite hi literature vanga lo chhuak a ni fo. Tisa (physical) hmanga hnehna chan aiin, thu leh hla hmanga rilru leh thinlung hnehna hian a daih rei zawk a, a tlo zawk a, a chak zawk bawk a ni.

(g) Lungngaihna hriatthiamna (to see the tragedy) :

PB Shelley chuan, 'Kan hla duh ber ber te hi lungngaihna lam hla a ni chawk' (our sweetest songs are those that tells of saddest thought) tiin a sawi a. Mi chhiatna leh lungngaihna te hrethiam a, tawrhpui a, khawngaih duhna thinlung hi thu leh hlain a tuh hmasak vang a ni fo.

(h) Ṭawng hmang thiamna atan a pawimawh :

Tiang leh lung chuan kan ruh a vaw tliak thei a, mahse thinlung vuaktlihna ṭha ber chu ṭawng (language) a ni. Hruaitu ni tur te, mi rilru hneh turte hian ṭawngkam hman dan a pawimawh hle. Chu chu literature zeṭhuang hrang hrang aṭang hian zir theih a ni.

(i) Nun kawng kawhhmuhtu:

Mi harsatna leh lawmna te chu ziakmi leh chhiarmi chuan an hriatthiampui thei a, nun kawng dik zawh thei turin literature chuan a pui fo ṭhin. Literature ṭha hian nun kawng dik inzirtir aiin, hringnun hlimthla puanchhuah chu ngai pawimawh zawk mahse, a phenah hian mihring nun inhriatthiam tawnna hi a bet tel tlat si a ni.

Literature zir pawimawhna chhan hi sawi tur tam tak a la awm thei ang. A khaikhawmna atan chuan mihring nunah hian literature hi paih bo ta ila, mihring nun hi a kawrawngin a thawrawng ngawtin a rinawm a, a tak deuh ngun loh pawhin a lolamin a holam ngawt ang. Lehkhabu chhiar turte, hla sak tur te, fimthu chhiar tur te, film en tur te, zai ngaihthlak turte hi bo vek mai se chuan tunlaia lar tak 'depression' an tih te hi kan nei chuah chuah mai awm e. Chuvang chuan tawi fel tein literature chu 'a zirtir neih ṭhat leh ṭhat loh lamah te, a tha zawnga nghawng a neih leh neih loh lam aiin, kan chhiar leh sak chhunga thil dang ngaihtuah leh vei nei lova hlimna min pek leh khawvel danga min chentirna hi a hlutna leh ropuina chu a ni.

KRISTIAN LITERATURE A AWM THEI EM ?:

A chhanna chu 'awm thei tehmeuh mai' tih a ni. A hma lama kan sawi tawhah khan, literature hian inzirtirna lam hawi te, thu ṭha leh belchian dawl chauh te a hawi lova, hringnun hlimthla dik tak, awihawm tak leh pawmawm taka a tarlan chuan literature ṭha a ni, kan ti tawh a. Chutih rual chuan mihring nunah hian side A leh B a awm thei a, a ṭha lam, side A ah pawh hian hringnun kheh chhuah tur tam tak a awm thova, chu chu kristianna nena inmila puanchhuah a nih hian 'kristian literature' chu a ni ta mai a ni.

(a) Bible:

Pathian thu nena inmil leh kristian nun dan ṭha inzirtir theihna thawnthu, hla leh lemchan te hi kristian literature vek an ni. Mizo literature tam zawk phei hi chu kristian literature zingah hian a chhiar tel theih awm e. English literature-a kutchhuak ropui ber ber zingah John Milton-a Paradise Lost te, John Banyan-a ziak 'The Pilgrims Progress' te, Christopher Marlow ziak 'Doctor Faustus' te kha Bible tluk deuh thawa lehkhabu pawimawh leh ṭangkai an ni. Kristian literature zinga ropui ber nia an sawi ṭhin chu Bible hi a ni.Chu Bible chu engtin nge kan chhiar tui ang a, engtinnge ngaihnawm ti tak leh literature ṭha tak anga kan chhiar theih ang.

Kan hriat ṭheuh angin Bible hi hlawm lianpui pahnihah an ṭhen a - Thuthung hlui leh thuthung thar tiin. (1) Thuthung hlui-ah hian thil bul inṭanna leh Israel hnam chanchin (book of israel's beginning) an tih 'Pentateuh' an tih bawk hnuaiah hian lehkhabu panga - Genesis, Exodus, Leveticus, Numbers leh Deuteronomy te a awm a. (2) Pahnihna chu hnam chanchin ziakna (historical book) niin hetah hian lehkhabu 12 - Joshua, Roreltute, Ruthi, Samuela I & II, Lalte I & II, Chronicles I&II, Ezra, Nehemia leh Estheri te a ni. (3) Pathumnaah chuan Hlabu (poetry books) an ti a, hetah hian lehkahbu panga - Joba, Sam, Thufingte, Thuhriltu leh Hla thlante a awm. (4) Palina chu Zawlnei bute an tih hi a ni a, hetah hian lehkhabu 17 zet a awm. Zawlnei pawh hi chi hnih, a lian (major phophets) leh a te (minor prophets)-ah then a ni a, a lian zingah chuan - Isaia, Jeremia, Ṭah hla, Ezekiela leh Daniela te an ni. A te zingah chuan - Hosea, Joela, Amosa, Obadia, Jona, Mika, Nahuma, Habakuka, Zephania, Hagaia, Zakaria, Malakia te an ni.

Thuthung thar hi Hlawm hnih ang deuhin, Chanchin ṭha (gospel) leh kohhran chanchin (history of christian churh) tiin ṭhen theih a ni. (1) Chanchin Ṭha-ah chuan Mathaia, Marka, Luka Johana te an ni a. (2) Kohhran chanchin (lehkhathawn) hi hlawm hnihah ṭhen theih a ni a - Pawla lehkhathawn : Rom, Korinth I&II, Galatia, Ephesi, Philippi, Kolossa, Thesolonika I&II, Timothea I&II, Tita, Philemona te a ni. Lehkha thawn dang te chu -Hebrai, Jakoba, Petera I&II, Johana I, II & III, Juda leh Thupuan te a ni.

Bible pum pui mai hi mihring nun khehchhuahna thu a ni a, literature ropui tak a nih tawh bakah literary techniques chi hrang hrang hian a in zam khat tlat a. (1) Tekhinna thu (simile) te hi a awm chek chuk mai {Kan za hian Beram angin kan vak bova Isaia 53:6} (2) Hmehbel tehkhinna (metaphor) pawh a tam mai {Lalpa chu a nung reng e, Ka lungpui chu fakin awm sela Sam 18:46} Heng bak pawh hi symbol, personification leh thil dang tam tak hmuh tur a awm. Mizote ngat phei chuan kan ṭawnga ziak zawm leh zawm loh tur chungchangah chuan Bible hi dik berah kan la ngai reng a ni.

'Bible hi literature ropui ber a ni,' an ti ṭhin a. Kristiante lehkhabu thianghlim a ni a, kan phaw leh ralthuam a ni bawk. Mahni ralthuam pawh cheihnum peih lo kan nih chuan ral bei tlak kan ni lo tihna a ni. DL Moody-a chuan 'Bible chhiar ṭha peih lo zingah kristian hman tlak tak an vang duh hle' a ti. Chhiar dan pangngaia chhiar chuan Bible hi darkar 70 leh minute 40-ah a chhiar zawh theih an ti a, a rei lo hle mai. Thufing pakhat chuan 'Kan ṭawngṭai hian Pathian kan bia a, Bible kan chhiar hian Pathianin min bia a ni,' an ti. Pathian biak leh Pathian thu tak hriat kan duh chuan Bible chhiar a pawimawh hle tihna a ni. WH Houghton chuan, 'Bible hi chelh reng la, a ni pawhin a chelh reng ang che,' a ti.

Victor Hugo chuan, 'England hian lehkhabu pahnih a nei a, Bible leh Shakespeare-a lehkhabute an ni. England hian Shakespeare-a a siam a, Mahse England hi Bible siam a ni,'a ti. Khawvel literature ropui ber ber leh a ziaktu Shakespeare-a thu leh hla meuh pawh hian Bible chu a tluk zo lo niin a ngai a ni. Chuvang chuan Bible kan chhiar hian literature ropui tak kan chhiar a, naihnawm ti tak leh thawnthu bu chhiara, hriatfiah tum tak hian a chhiar theih a ni.

(b) Kristian hla:

Kristian literature lanchhuahna ropui tak chu hla a ni. Mizote ngat phei chu zai leh lam ngaina mi kan ni a, kan kristian hla ropui tak tak tel lo chuan kan ringtu nun pawh hi a chauin a chhe viauin a rinawm. Hla hian mihring nun a chawm a, a hnem a, a fuih ṭhin. Hla hi literature ropui ber zinga ngaih a ni a, ṭhenkhat phei chuan literature tuifim (refine form of literature) ni hialin an ngai. Chuvang chuan hla kan sak peih a, kan ngaihthlak peih chhung chuan literature hian min chenchilh reng tihna a ni a, chutiang mi tan chuan 'literature-ah ka tui lo' a tih theih loh a ni.

Mizote hian hla kan neih hma hle laiin, kristian hla erawh kan nei tlai hle. Kristian hla kan neih hmasak ber chu 'Jisu vanah a om a' tih hla Pu Buanga leh Sap Upate phuah kha a ni. Mizo kristian hlabu hmasa ber hi 1899-ah tihchhuah niin hla 18 a awm a, khang hlate kha tunlai thlenga kan kristian hla ṭha leh sak lar te an la ni deuh vek a ni.Kristian hlabu hi vawi tam tak siamṭhat a ni tawh a, a thar ber kum 2004-a siamah chuan hla 600 lai a chuang ta a ni.

Kristian hlabua hlate hi engtinnge kan sak tui ang a, engtinnnge kan rilru hneh lehzual tur atan kan hman theih ang. Biak Ina hla kan sak te hian kan sa liam deuh mai mai nge a mawina te, a ropuinate a hlutna leh thlaraulam a chawm dan te ngaihtuah chungin kan sa ṭhin em. Inkhawm apiangin kristian hlabu hi keng la, thlarau lam pawlna mai piah lamah khawvel thil tak pawhin hetiang hian ngaihtuah chhin teh. Chutianga khawvel thil taka i hriat bel hnuah chuan thlarau thianghlim awmpuina pawh i dawn belh zawk ngei ang.

1. Hla chu Mizo irawm chhuah nge lehlin, phuah a nih chuan tu phuah nge ni a, lehlin a nih chuan tu lehlin nge tih hriat zel han tum teh.
2. Hla phuahtu emaw letlingtu emaw chuan hla phuah leh lehlin dang a nei a, chungte chu khawi te nge tih hriat tum teh.
3. Hla in sak mek chu eng lam hawi zawng nge ni a, a hla chang rem dan leh a thu in lalawn a fuh em, a thuchah puanchhuah thiam dan chu a rilin a ropui i ti em?
4. Hlaah chuan poetic techniques chi hrang hrang (eg. simile, methaphor, symbol, escapism, poetic imagery etc) te a hmang thiam em, hla thubil (poetical word) a hman te a mawi em? Nge ni a, thutluang (prose) word taka hla phuah, thinlung khawih tak si a ni zawk ngun takin ngaihtuah teh.
5. Chu hla chu a thu leh a thluk a inmilin i hria em? Chu hla i duh viau chhan chu a thu ang nge a thluk vang. Nge a pahnih inkawp chu a fuh lutuk vang niin i ngai zawk.
6. Hla thu hman fuh tawk loh emaw, hriatthiam tawk loh emaw te i nei em? Chumi hriatfiah tum chuan hla chu ngun takin han sa chhin teh.
7. Hla phuahtu chuan a thil vei leh a sawi tum chu sawi chhuak thiam i ti em. A thil sawichhuah dan chu i pawm zawng a ni em tih ngaihtuah teh.
8. A theih chin chinah, in lamah emaw lehkhabu dang chhiarin i hla duh zawng tak mai emaw, in Biak Ina in hla sak lar tak mai emaw chu a phuahtuin a phuah chhan hriat tum teh. Chumi hnuah chuan i ngaihdan a danglam ngawt ang.
9. Rilru pe tak, thinlung tak, a hla thuin sawichhuah a tum, a thuchah hrechhuak zo ngei turin hla chu han sa teh. Hetah meuh chuan zai tui loh a awm lo. I thinlungah Pathian pawlna ropui tak i dawng thuai thei ang.

Heng zawng zawng hi a taka i tih chhin chuan literature-ah hian nasa takin i tui der tawh ang a, hla sak tui loh te, zai tui loh te pawh i nei tawh mang lo maithei a. Chu i tuina chuan i thlarau lam nun pawh nasa takin a chawm ngei ang.

Ṭawng (language) :

Ṭawng (language) tel lovin literature a awm thei tak tak lo. Literature bulṭut chu ṭawng a ni. Hla pawh hi thu (ṭawng) hmana siam a ni a, chuvang chuan ṭawng (language) awmzia hre lo chuan thu leh hla hi a tuipui theih loh. Ṭawng thiam tur chuan chhiar tam leh sak tam a pawimawh. Bible-ah leh kristian hlabu-ah hian Mizo ṭawng mawi leh danglam tak tak a inphum ṭeuh a ni.

Mizo ṭawng phei chu ṭawng thluk nei (tonal language) a ni a, chuvang chuan a hman dan a zirin a awmzia a in ang lo fo ṭhin. Khawvela ṭawng mawi ber ti hiala JF Laldailova'n a lo sawi Mizo ṭawng hi belhchian leh phelhchian a dawl viau. Mizo ṭawng mawina leh danglamna, a tlakchham leh a ṭhat tawklohna te ngaihtuah chung hian lehkha han chhiar ṭhin teh. Chu chuan literature-ah tuina nasa tak a pe ngei ang che.

ENGTINNGE TUNLAI HUN MILIN LITERATURE-AH KAN TUI THEIH ANG:

Hei hi thil pawimawh tak mai leh in zirtir ngai tak a ni. Tunlai hunah hian ṭhalaite hi 'lehkha chhiar tam rawh' tia infuih satliah ngawt theih a ni tawh lo. Lehkhabu chhiar aia nuam zawk leh hriat awl zawk tam tak a awm tawh a, chuvang chuan lehkhabu kan chhiar tama, kan chhiar tui theih dan tur pawh kan thlak danglam thiam a ṭul dawn a ni.

Intrenet leh moble phone, TV leh entertainment dang tam tak chimna karah hian lehkha chhiar uar tura infuih a har ta viau. Chumi aṭanga kan ngaihdan leh pawm dan thlak tur chuan kohhran ṭhalai pawl hmalakna a pawimawh viau ang. Lehkha chhiar tam tur leh literature-a tui tura thil tih dan tur chi hrang hrangte chu i han rawt chhin teh ang.

1. Zai leh lemchan intihsiak: 

Hei hi chu a hau tak deuh a, buatsaih fo theih a ni lo. Amaherawhchu, kum khatah vawi khat tal buatsaih tum ila, a programme hlawhtlinna tak chu kan inbuatsaihnaah khan a awm. Zai tur chuan hla hriat a ngai a, hla kan hriat dawn chuan kan chhiara kan zir a ngai. Lemchang tur chuan a chan tur (script) a awm a ngai a, chumi buatsaih chu literature a tling. KTP General Conference-ah hian lemchan hmuhnawm tak tak en ṭhin a ni a, a tlangpuiin chu'ng lemchan te chu a nuihzatthlak (comedy) zawnga chan a ni a, mi che nuihzatthlak tak hmanga thuchah puanchhuahna a ni ber. Hetiang lemchan hi kan sawisel a ni lova, mahse hetiang vek hi lemchan dan tur emaw kan ti ang tih a hlauhawm ta.

Lemchan lungchhiatthlak, lemchan kulmuk (serious) tak chan chhuahte hi uar thar leh ila, mipui nuih tir hum hum hmanga Pathian thuchah puanchhuah ai chuan, mipui mittui thlem chhuak khawpa lemchan runthlakte hian kan rilru a hneh zawk maithei. Chutiang lemchan chan chhuah dan te chu kan zir thiam a pawimawh takzet a ni.

Hetih rual hian KTP lemchan tam ber hi stage a chan tura ruahman (stage drama) a ni a, chuvang chuan 'classical drama' kalphung hmanga awlsam, fiah leh chiang taka chan chhuah kawngah te hian hma la hmasatu han ni thei ila a duhawm hle. Classical drama-ah chuan thil pawimawh (classical unities) pathum a awm a, chungte chu - Unity of time, unity of place leh unity of action te a ni. heng te hi thia taka kan hman chuan, hmanrua leh hmunhma hautak lo tak, hmuhnawm leh ngaihnawm bawk si kan chang thei ang.

KTP film siam kawngah pawh hma kan sawn viau a, mi ṭhenkhat fil siam tam tak aiin KTP film siamte hi a changkangin a hmuhnawm zawk fo. A videography, costume leh dialogue te thleng hian uluk lehzual, hmuhnawm lehzuala chan chhuah zir ila, chu chu literature-a hmasawnna ropui tak a ni thei ang.

2. Lehkhabu inchhiar tam siak: 

Father of English essay nia an chhal Francis Bacon-a chuan lehkha ziak tawh hawt hi chu chhiar tlak vek a nih thu a essay 'of studies'-ah a tarlang a. Amaherawhchu, lehkhabu ṭhenkhat chu ei a, chhak chhuah leh chi te; ṭhenkhat chu ṭhial sawm chi te, ṭhenkhat chu ṭhial sawma lem chi te a awm niin a sawi. Chuvang chuan Pathian thu lam lehkhabu chauh chhiar reng hi tuman kan peih bik lo, lehkhabu dang - essay, drama, biography, autobiography, travelloque, history, social studies, politics leh law lam thleng pawh hian kan hmuh theih ang ang chhiar nasat hi a pawimawh. Thuhriltu lar John Wesley phei chuan, 'Lehkha chhiar ngai lo rawngbawltu chu a rawngbawlna aṭangin bang mai rawh se' a ti hial. Chu mai bakah 'Lehkha chhiar ṭhin kristian chu a ṭhang reng a, a lehkha chhiar a tawp rualin a ṭhan pawh a tawp ve mai ṭhin,' a la ti nghe nghe. Kan ṭhan reng theihna turin lehkhabu chi hrang hrang kan chhiar nasat a pawimawh.

Chutianga lehkha chhiar nasa tura infuihna atan chuan member inelna buatsaih ila, kum khat chhunga lehkhabu chhiar tam ber hnenah chawimawina pe ṭhin ila. Pawisa pek tel kher pawh a ṭul kher lo, certificate te pek a nih chuan a tawk mai. A lawmman chu a lehkha chhiarah khan a awm tawh a, chu aia ropui zawk chu a lehkha chhiarin finna leh thiamna, hriatna leh theihna a pek kha a ni. Chu chu a rawngbawlna atan te, KTP tan te pawh a pawimawh hle dawn a. Intihsiakna ṭha, hautak lo leh buaithlak lo, ropui leh zawng chhang chi tak ni si a ni ngei ang. Lawmman pakhatna lak tuma lehkha chhiar nasa an pun kha a hlawkna a ni. Lehkhabu chhiarna atana hun nei lo nia innngai zingah hian mobile phone-a thil ho te te chhiar hman tak, TV leh movies dang en hman tak a tam viau theih, kan tum leh tum lohin kan hun hi chu a thunun zawk a ni.

3. Mi thuziak ṭha thendarh: 

Social networking khawvelah kan cheng mek. Whatsapp, facebook, instagram etc, khawih ngai lo ṭhalai chu kan tam vak lo maithei. Hengah hian mi thuziak tha nia kan ngaihte chu a ngai ngaiin emaw, a thlalak (print screen) in emaw kan thawndarh ṭhin. Hetiangah hian thuziak nuihzatthlak leh mak danglam chauh ni lovin, thu bengvar thlak, tisa leh thlarau lam nun chawm thei thil te hi thawn darh tam ila, chu chuan lehkha chhiarah nasa takin min pui ngei ang.

Whatsapp group tam berah hi chuan 'suankual' (copy paste) hi a tam lutuk a, kan chhiar tawh leh kan neih tawh tam tak kan in thawn kual nasa hle. Chubakah chuan fiamthu, zahmawh rawngkai leh thlalak maksak kan in thawn nasa. Heng zawng zawng hi do vek tur phei chu a ni lo, mahse Cliff Richard-a thukhaw chang angin 'Why should the devil have all the gadgets' kan ti ve mai tur a ni. Pathian thu chang te, thuziak ngaihnawm tak tak te hi thawn darh ching ila, hma kan sawn pui ngawt ang.

4. Hla thu hrilhfiah leh inhriat tam siak: 

KTP group nite-ah emaw, facebook leh whatsapp hmangte hian hla thu hrilhfiah leh inhriat tam siak zawngte hian competition te buatsaih ila, hei hian literature-ah nasa takin hma min sawn tir a rinawm. Kristian hlabu a mi emaw, hla dang emaw pawh nise a phuahtu inhriat siak te, a phuah chhan in hriat siak te, a thu awmze inhrilhfiah siam te hi ching ta ila. Chu bakah chuan hla phuahtu kutchhuak inhriat tam siak zawngte pawhin in el ila, a nuamin a thianghlim a, a ṭha bawk ang.

5. Thu leh hla in phuah mawi siak: 

Mahni rilru chhunga kan vei chu thu tawite emaw, hla chang khat lek emaw hmangin ziak chhuak ila, chu chu social network lamah thawn darh ila, in fak sak ila, insawisel sak bawk ila, in sawi ril siak ila, sawi ril kan tumna lamah bible leh lehkhabu dang reference atan hman ching ila, chu chuan ziak leh chhiar kawngah nasa takin hma min sawn tir ngei ang.

6. Ṭawng upa leh Mizo ṭawng inhriat siak:

Mizo ṭawng upa leh a awmzia inzawh tawn te, inhriat siak te, a awmze inhrilhfiah siak mai bakah ṭawng dik leh dik lo in hrilh tawn nan te whatssapp group te hi hmang ila. Chutiang atan chuan lehkhabu te chhiar uar ila, chu chuan rah ṭha a chhuah ngei ang.

7. Lehkhabu chhuak thar inhrilh tawn:

Mizo ṭawng leh ṭawng dang pawh, lehkhabu chhuak thar apiang inhrilh tawn a, internet lam aṭanga lehkhabu chhuak thar kan lehkhabu lei thar leh kan comment tlem tarlan chinte hian midang a tiphurin a ti ṭang ngei ang. Mi lehkhabu lei thar, a thlalak nen an rawn post ngat phei chu neih ve emaw, hawh a chhiar ve emaw tum ta zel ila, chu chuan lehkha chhiar kawngah nghawng ṭha tak a neih ngei a rinawm.

8. Hla chhuak thar analyse:

Zaithiam ten TV-ah hla thar an thun deuh reng a, hengte hi youtube lamah pawh download theih a ni tlangpui tawh bawk. Heng hla tharte hi a ṭha kan tih leh tih loh dan te, lehlin a nih chuan a ṭhat leh ṭhatloh dante sawiho ṭhin ila. A music video thlengin sawi kai ṭhin ila, chu chuan literature lamah tuina min pe tulh tulhin a rinawm.

9. e-book chhiar uar:

Tunlai hunah chuan technology hmang ṭangkaiin mi tam takin electronic book (e-book) an chhuak nasa hlawm ta hle. Mizo lehkhabute hi e-book a la tam lo hle a, chutih rual chuan e-book tlukin website hrang hrangah thu chhiar tur tam tak a awm, heng te hi chhiar uar ila, chubakah chuan Mizo lehkhabute pawh e-book a siam thei tur zawnga ngaihtuahna seng hmasatu kan nih theih pawh a ṭul hle.

Inkhawm, lehkhabu chhiar leh inbual hi thil inchhirawmloh ber zinga mi a ni. Lehkhabu chhiar hi habit leh hobby-a neih theih a nih mai piah lamah addict theih a ni. Addict theih zingah chuan a pawi lo ber pawl a ni awm e. Khawvel mi fing, mithiam leh pa rawn kai kan tihte hi lehkha chhiar nasa an ni chawk. Finna hi thil chhut peihna te, ngaihtuah peihna aṭangtein a piang teh meuh a, mahse chumi chawm lian tur chuan midang ziak nasa taka chhiar a ṭul. Lehkha chhiar ngai lo mi chu 'Zan thim tak, thla leh arsi pawh lan loh lai ang a ni,' an ti. Lehkhabu hi chhiar mai a tawk lova, hre tura chhiar a pawimawh a, lehkhabu ṭhenkhat phei chu hriat hnua nunpui leh zawm ngai an ni bawk.

Kan Bible ngei pawhin,'Lehkhabu tam tak siam hi tawpin tai a awm love,' [Thuhriltu 12:12] a ti a. Khawvel technology ṭhang chho mekah hian print media leh print culture hi a tlahniam thei tak tak chuang lo. A awlsam a, a daih rei a, a chiang a, a rintlak bik bawk a ni. Nun tikimtu, tinuamtu leh timawitu a ni a, chuvang chuan Charles Bukowski phei chuan, 'Literature tel lo chuan hringnun hi hremhmun a ni,' a lo ti hial a nih kha. Literature hian thil a tithei em a, chuvang chuan 'A pen is mightier than sword,' an lo ti reng a, chuvang chuan mihringte hian kan hneh thei ngai dawn lova, hman ṭangkai mai kan tum zawk a ṭul a ni.